{"id":"W2945461406","doi":"10.5840/eps201956231","title":"Epistemic Progress Despite Systematic Disagreement","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Epistemology & Philosophy of Science","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Philosophy of science; Argument (complex analysis); Philosophy; Domain (mathematical analysis); Philosophy of medicine; Mathematics; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002351439,0.000325053,0.0009385631,0.0003582547,0.0005329394,0.00009137224,0.001263858,0.0001174129,0.0002562536],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001455128,0.0002627592,0.0002325775,0.0002542138,0.01362915,0.0005310499,0.0002311806,0.0003181098,0.0006354199],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001118447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002277661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005595325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002913829,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965997,0.0002626407,0.0009578889,0.0007382743,0.0007877067,0.0006537332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971915,0.0003384678,0.0007564481,0.0009888991,0.0005597584,0.0001649528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002207743,0.0001597175,0.003050608,0.008781703,0.00006054743,0.00001059453,0.01123149,0.000004770501,0.001158338,0.9753935,0.00005279806,0.00007385905],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003080371,0.00365523,0.004813924,0.01404296,0.0006190127,0.0003200162,0.01261948,0.0005872741,0.005938418,0.9469071,0.004934891,0.002481328],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8206332,0.002270929,0.00004118363,0.005801317,0.005746832,0.00196306,0.0000336881,0.0001498155,0.16336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948258,0.00001326533,0.0002587187,0.0004768021,0.0003437918,0.00006972413,0.000005246743,0.00002434643,0.003982325],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1741926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04281006697869233,"score_gpt":0.2712186945711267,"score_spread":0.2284086275924344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}