{"id":"W2945650443","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.128","title":"Biochar properties and lead(II) adsorption capacity depend on feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, and steam activation","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemosphere","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":297,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund; China Scholarship Council","keywords":"Biochar; Raw material; Pyrolysis; Adsorption; Lead (geology); Chemistry; Waste management; Environmental science; Pulp and paper industry; Chemical engineering; Environmental chemistry; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002235849,0.000403734,0.0003070871,0.0002815499,0.0001592932,0.0003834076,0.0002120082,0.0003277546,0.001432586],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009605007,0.0003011344,0.0002950384,0.0003606387,0.0003472634,0.0004246908,0.000170244,0.0003303089,0.0004174942],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002691823,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002633724,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001632861,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002826883,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997793,0.00002580233,0.00001816203,0.00004627508,0.0000701069,0.00006050288],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993584,0.0002831262,0.0001005352,0.00005486867,0.0001321018,0.00007099681],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003160612,0.00002988367,0.002063931,0.00003874004,0.00001952651,0.00004278622,0.00001785871,0.000216413,0.9958728,0.00003342794,0.00003532667,0.001313343],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006488194,0.0001660538,0.01715826,0.000003360533,0.00002717647,0.0001015817,0.00003893496,0.001039278,0.9812026,0.00004034146,0.0002071336,0.000008923488],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976758,0.0004718971,0.0008796051,0.00003066937,0.00001360901,0.000006608111,0.0002781308,0.00002733923,0.000616391],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987236,0.0002147372,0.0002066246,0.00001427328,0.000003619395,0.000004104093,0.0002692116,0.00001371319,0.000550118],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001632861,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004792511,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01796412561901,"score_gpt":0.1941395047361766,"score_spread":0.1761753791171666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}