{"id":"W2947019202","doi":"10.1186/s13023-019-1078-5","title":"Comparing access to orphan medicinal products in Europe","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Health Technology Assessment international; Shire","keywords":"Reimbursement; Orphan drug; Authorization; Marketing authorization; European union; Business; Access to medicines; Medicine; Public health; Economic growth; Health care; International trade; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.004746874,0.0001789581,0.001091321,0.0007156884,0.00004973921,0.0001401481,0.0006536199,0.00004943032,0.001010972],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004631656,0.0001964824,0.0000788979,0.0006091744,0.0000301682,0.001033662,0.0001007061,0.000193509,0.001625881],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002804215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003457811,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001350555,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004311009,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957023,0.0002471987,0.003142871,0.000357518,0.0001846925,0.0003654005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965615,0.0003742167,0.002058404,0.0003612114,0.0002586179,0.0003859929],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001123341,0.0001599365,0.9541168,0.0003455302,0.00004433052,0.00003776343,0.0005261958,0.001238014,0.00001025551,0.00206122,0.0411592,0.000188404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001864924,0.0002945221,0.92177,0.0006379329,0.00001800491,0.00007606674,0.0004764019,0.0005054314,0.00002441888,0.001067487,0.07289192,0.0003728918],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9740062,0.005109274,0.0001917959,0.01706888,0.00123955,0.0005415879,0.00008775406,0.00001553329,0.001739472],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922188,0.0001241588,0.0004656769,0.006160307,0.000640923,0.000009784151,0.00001798651,0.00003111978,0.0003312354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03234682,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999022,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2640322262541501,"score_gpt":0.4082072618626137,"score_spread":0.1441750356084636,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}