{"id":"W2947087518","doi":"10.1088/1757-899x/529/1/012031","title":"A 3D discrete-element model for simulating liquid feeding during dendritic solidification of steel","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering","topic":"Solidification and crystal growth phenomena","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Dendrite (mathematics); Mechanics; Materials science; Representative elementary volume; Flow (mathematics); Fluid dynamics; Equiaxed crystals; Finite element method; Hagen–Poiseuille equation; Discrete element method; Thermodynamics; Physics; Geometry; Mathematics; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002605534,0.0004801345,0.0007331274,0.000460449,0.0005916384,0.000883295,0.001482933,0.001868946,0.002842177],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000655746,0.0005235868,0.000815256,0.0003925901,0.0006218271,0.0004246791,0.0005592816,0.0007038946,0.000491518],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001022349,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001119225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0145968,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009949393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998684,0.00002966284,0.000008863423,0.00001904842,0.00005570616,0.0000183894],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997483,0.0001149689,0.00002836214,0.00002305245,0.00005772914,0.00002761397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001394218,0.00001357208,0.000315901,0.00001220326,0.000005154231,0.00003763603,0.00001926196,0.9964918,0.001239353,0.0008496849,0.00007179254,0.0009295249],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004226375,0.000005350613,0.0000607182,0.000001585163,0.000001389819,0.000004697229,0.000003621891,0.9993943,0.000230933,0.00009959812,0.0001914982,0.000002113525],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2878735,0.000326189,0.686096,0.0005035938,0.0001212993,0.0002815684,0.001892081,0.001296994,0.02160871],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9138253,0.0002461192,0.07621022,0.00009439117,0.00002184884,0.0004913289,0.0007319799,0.0001652661,0.008213625],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0145968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02902365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02208438099477177,"score_gpt":0.2460028900087646,"score_spread":0.2239185090139928,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}