{"id":"W2947617837","doi":"10.1002/cjce.23510","title":"Development of biocompatible NaGdF<sub>4</sub>: Er<sup>3+</sup>, Yb<sup>3+</sup> upconversion nanoparticles used as contrast agents for bio‐imaging","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Amine gas treating; Photon upconversion; Photoluminescence; Fluorescence; Nanoparticle; Materials science; Nuclear chemistry; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Luminescence; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007698241,0.000281101,0.0005155506,0.0001930936,0.0001275714,0.0001352616,0.0006919037,0.00008563293,0.0001297021],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003390202,0.0002204942,0.0001259165,0.000175603,0.0001332848,0.0004517024,0.00007374078,0.0001679197,0.00006167735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003745609,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006299393,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001730088,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001449932,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978034,0.0000299861,0.0008396726,0.0002448337,0.0003917119,0.0006903542],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998524,0.0001419118,0.0003209324,0.0002782776,0.0002635948,0.0004712977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007942729,0.00001454494,0.0001618491,0.0001761568,0.00003201695,0.000008102007,0.001421879,0.0287164,0.9688454,0.00004538669,0.0001162243,0.0003825964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009858413,0.00004573009,0.00002651971,0.0005117931,0.00003506961,0.00005081809,0.0002349759,0.0093203,0.9875241,0.00004948725,0.0009450541,0.0002703413],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983045,0.0001818628,0.0002708836,0.0004198984,0.0003579677,0.0004017936,0.00002304486,0.00002782672,0.0000121662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941421,0.000003265256,0.005532186,0.0001042228,0.0001405787,0.00001310432,0.000004652278,0.0000494747,0.00001044807],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0193961,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8991493,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0126146769210501,"score_gpt":0.2069277577082018,"score_spread":0.1943130807871517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}