{"id":"W2947698804","doi":"10.1007/s11440-019-00819-5","title":"Improved discrete element modeling for proppant embedment into rock surfaces","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Acta Geotechnica","topic":"Tunneling and Rock Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Mitacs; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Brinell scale; Indentation; Embedment; Modulus; Materials science; Siltstone; Discrete element method; Geotechnical engineering; Solid mechanics; Composite material; Young's modulus; Mechanics; Geology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000209465,0.0002173098,0.0002347065,0.00005732574,0.0000951883,0.00003477815,0.0002678831,0.0001410764,0.00002449485],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001918373,0.0001884247,0.0001031795,0.00008272267,0.00000252838,0.00009837687,0.0001089362,0.0001929028,0.00002889696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001002529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002570766,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003221315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001092271,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988155,0.000008002787,0.0003136494,0.0002938917,0.0001552031,0.0004137282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993539,0.00002729897,0.00004075108,0.0004478303,0.00004960766,0.00008057309],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001437842,0.00001681953,0.000002097383,0.0001658392,0.00004329103,3.153293e-7,0.0001618789,0.771918,0.2260513,0.0001069528,0.0002724004,0.001246733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003699088,0.0001098154,0.00000107946,0.00006245291,0.0000268756,0.000001502852,0.0001123042,0.9716675,0.01926454,0.0004553734,0.007647131,0.0002815223],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4903176,0.0004675978,0.505325,0.0004097093,0.0007243297,0.00147285,0.0000228636,0.001100354,0.0001597185],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930114,0.000139009,0.006255504,0.00003243009,0.00006428326,0.0001436146,0.0000209592,0.00006879935,0.0002640651],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5026938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7683738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008731522543565073,"score_gpt":0.220151631584967,"score_spread":0.2114201090414019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}