{"id":"W2948535233","doi":"10.1139/cgj-2018-0548","title":"Investigation of particle breakage under one-dimensional compression of sand using X-ray microtomography","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":105,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","keywords":"Breakage; Comminution; Particle (ecology); Materials science; Fractal dimension; Particle size; Granular material; Geotechnical engineering; Composite material; Compressibility; Mineralogy; Shear (geology); Geology; Fractal; Mechanics; Metallurgy; Physics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009023486,0.0001564781,0.0001151931,0.0003954576,0.0001992891,0.0002508228,0.000155988,0.0001859365,0.0006147047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002877426,0.0001330635,0.0001164479,0.000198952,0.0003428302,0.0001828791,0.0001407841,0.0002715517,0.00006997339],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002808612,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001249238,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004250071,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006182354,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999917,0.000004596297,0.000004108198,0.00001502487,0.0000387774,0.00002058932],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996886,0.00009922787,0.0001008235,0.00002789053,0.00005211835,0.00003142576],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006421912,0.00002124231,0.009660363,0.00002782196,0.000009076836,0.0001669625,0.0001550051,0.000545579,0.9863105,0.00005490481,0.00003166242,0.002952728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006463961,0.0001955613,0.3476975,0.000007379014,0.00001944742,0.0005042542,0.0003233487,0.01013631,0.6404757,0.00005949207,0.0005579598,0.00001648401],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986142,0.00006166903,0.0009758634,0.000007235812,0.000001480257,0.000006186256,0.00006027409,0.00002105642,0.0002520091],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988882,0.00005302636,0.0007196494,0.000006004214,0.0000013093,0.000004655032,0.00007226924,0.000005322906,0.0002495776],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004250071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008450687,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01546044502819408,"score_gpt":0.1935392710122497,"score_spread":0.1780788259840556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}