{"id":"W2948782679","doi":"10.1002/cjce.23530","title":"Experimental methods in chemical engineering: X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy‐XPS","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemical state; Materials science; Adsorption; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Physical chemistry; Environmental chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007756211,0.0002605485,0.000424691,0.0002357673,0.00002914075,0.0001016946,0.0006740578,0.0001468111,0.000442397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001389484,0.0002142384,0.0001380166,0.0002958322,0.00005706335,0.0001736674,0.00003204757,0.0008213266,0.00002087456],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009427494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003727862,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005075478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002139775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982218,0.00003668891,0.0004844967,0.0002159469,0.0002520481,0.0007890837],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990466,0.0001197527,0.0001203967,0.000270629,0.0000470034,0.0003956528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002226817,0.00001516551,0.00003547096,0.00001426784,0.00001035539,0.00001841917,0.0001817247,0.0009302975,0.9977174,0.0009068826,0.0001203275,0.00002735817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003055459,0.0001183154,0.00001959056,0.00007980687,0.000009816685,0.0001238993,0.00000976767,0.003382879,0.994777,0.00009373541,0.0008444859,0.0002351141],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953552,0.0009998846,0.002527811,0.0002626321,0.0003555049,0.0001761217,0.000002172251,0.00005624643,0.0002643675],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9555208,0.000002341261,0.04410554,0.00009160027,0.000198664,0.000009691565,0.000001258485,0.00004726805,0.00002279381],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04157773,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8736389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007905634733944332,"score_gpt":0.2692968563005749,"score_spread":0.2613912215666306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}