{"id":"W2948782679","doi":"10.1002/cjce.23530","title":"Experimental methods in chemical engineering: X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy‐XPS","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Chemical state; Materials science; Adsorption; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Physical chemistry; Environmental chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002181548,0.002442577,0.002036552,0.003587918,0.002237752,0.001515315,0.003603935,0.001752639,0.04424145],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001773239,0.001127318,0.0008417191,0.005381193,0.0008037339,0.001956422,0.001756156,0.00285262,0.02590483],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001123106,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002056041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001483816,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003536531,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9943515,0.0004885858,0.0002977945,0.001015081,0.003556967,0.0002901621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987898,0.0001395552,0.00009136836,0.0002992835,0.0006296822,0.00005024534],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004409883,0.0009626757,0.001670193,0.008218841,0.0001717295,0.0004397976,0.0004056904,0.003029997,0.7410769,0.01033634,0.05547316,0.1777738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008793591,0.0004296488,0.003140256,0.0003943608,0.0001058333,0.0009316106,0.0002356788,0.005416032,0.534501,0.004701767,0.4498798,0.0001761564],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.04712818,0.02566031,0.7832285,0.001795941,0.00254837,0.01015251,0.03437621,0.01436111,0.08074882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1227588,0.02994921,0.6928839,0.001925938,0.0005028586,0.01732083,0.02932871,0.003132976,0.1021968],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04424145,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1480024,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007905634733944332,"score_gpt":0.2692968563005749,"score_spread":0.2613912215666306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}