{"id":"W2950620915","doi":"10.1086/703257","title":"Canada and High-Skill Emigration to the United States: Way Station or Farm System?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Labor Economics","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Emigration; Immigration; Demographic economics; Population; Occupational mobility; Labour economics; Political science; Geography; Economics; Demography; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005378751,0.0003468624,0.0004790044,0.001522128,0.003489146,0.002860346,0.001000421,0.001305874,0.01414776],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003616272,0.0001671166,0.0006335413,0.004244712,0.001453416,0.001030567,0.002075891,0.001421242,0.0006030601],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01192501,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02816079,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9823223,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9913935,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991216,0.000095551,0.00002048132,0.00007376859,0.0001190035,0.0005696084],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968703,0.0003204088,0.0006641813,0.00009332899,0.0006016892,0.001450076],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001500931,0.0000915475,0.9685163,0.00003698811,0.00009409633,0.0004081729,0.001957707,0.0004784178,0.00007370851,0.00963647,0.006829128,0.01172735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003070369,0.00004737397,0.9659168,0.0002793288,0.0001605783,0.0001969185,0.01910783,0.001246781,0.00009681613,0.00141647,0.01145911,0.00004122034],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9449773,0.003066394,0.0002650891,0.0098504,0.0001057701,0.00004357127,0.001968562,0.00002574309,0.03969715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905782,0.001413853,0.000105016,0.000627941,0.00002393635,0.000008168264,0.0006543251,0.000008826989,0.006579679],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01767772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0865224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007482897078640982,"score_gpt":0.2341376930876894,"score_spread":0.2266547960090485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}