{"id":"W2950767739","doi":"10.1007/s00704-019-02917-6","title":"The freeze/thaw process and the surface energy budget of the seasonally frozen ground in the source region of the Yellow River","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theoretical and Applied Climatology","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Environmental science; Energy budget; Process (computing); Energy (signal processing); Hydrology (agriculture); Climatology; Meteorology; Atmospheric sciences; Geology; Geography; Geotechnical engineering; Computer science; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000694562,0.0001430597,0.0002710745,0.000009830766,0.0002543475,0.00003272802,0.0006393478,0.0001051218,0.0001996976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003063739,0.00004683953,0.00006580702,0.0001743981,0.004272919,0.00002655878,0.00010028,0.0002313529,0.00000650138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001165394,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002020415,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006062059,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002995845,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986681,0.0003759123,0.0002431863,0.000202519,0.0002280726,0.0002822066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997422,0.002016261,0.0001397082,0.0003666427,0.00002294403,0.00003244152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005481907,0.00002002195,0.4079387,0.00005573369,0.00002003037,0.000001044688,0.00390875,0.00007072616,0.00007662876,0.5864822,0.0001585942,0.0007193805],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002502194,0.0001303072,0.5409521,0.00008854391,0.0001240239,0.0002340315,0.009893946,0.005413061,0.000629222,0.4356944,0.004044356,0.0002937727],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.979717,0.0006686586,0.00000585444,0.007686962,0.00008276163,0.0003181492,0.00008136302,0.000004474705,0.01143484],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982295,0.0005258618,0.000002582512,0.001108949,0.00002793746,0.000004027846,0.00001498283,0.000004433361,0.00008171562],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1507878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984369,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006306692260298825,"score_gpt":0.1936014553709622,"score_spread":0.1872947631106634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}