{"id":"W2952215111","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.045","title":"Life cycle environmental impacts of biogas production and utilisation substituting for grid electricity, natural gas grid and transport fuels","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Waste Management","topic":"Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production","field":"Engineering","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Queen's University; Queen's University Belfast; Invest Northern Ireland","keywords":"Biogas; Life-cycle assessment; Greenhouse gas; Bioenergy; Renewable natural gas; Natural gas; Waste management; Electricity; Environmental science; Renewable energy; Fossil fuel; Electricity generation; Diesel fuel; Environmental engineering; Engineering; Biofuel; Production (economics); Fuel gas; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00015911,0.0001128556,0.0001145195,0.0001084914,0.00004424858,0.00001324374,0.00003501036,0.00003084954,0.000009692976],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008827898,0.0001107841,0.00002763698,0.0000846236,0.0000301163,0.0001921165,0.00001592439,0.00005207354,0.000002933647],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004239915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003095339,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007548902,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004857992,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993413,0.00000726398,0.0001750851,0.0002095468,0.0001138077,0.0001529687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997856,0.000005223018,0.00004672297,0.0001032021,0.000008239052,0.00005099464],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001126407,0.0007898308,0.1549711,0.005966208,0.001773662,0.00001239308,0.004171226,0.108581,0.4863717,0.06419679,0.007972779,0.1640669],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007089486,0.001231385,0.5028093,0.0006549028,0.0009485018,0.00007528446,0.007665073,0.05417944,0.3790791,0.0009784498,0.04298113,0.002307907],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970351,0.0004317983,0.0002995731,0.0001929078,0.0009839159,0.0006584879,0.000009442032,0.0000641625,0.0003245462],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986165,0.0006170971,0.0003402404,0.00001967967,0.0002101911,0.00001106897,0.0000583294,0.00001288175,0.0001139755],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3478382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4517645,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004682613024372205,"score_gpt":0.1774995620182367,"score_spread":0.1728169489938645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}