{"id":"W2952395119","doi":"10.5206/uwojls.v9i2.8072","title":"Direct Discrimination and Indirect Discrimination: A Distinction with a Difference","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Western Journal of Legal Studies","topic":"Discrimination and Equality Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Appeal; Context (archaeology); Psychology; Liability; Law; Political science; History","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007005202,0.0005128493,0.0008761904,0.002204527,0.005486628,0.01057072,0.002668948,0.009499267,0.006843029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01235162,0.0004809324,0.0008896412,0.001406135,0.05825241,0.01390672,0.00869689,0.01365831,0.001148087],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008715948,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009410322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03611343,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03991416,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9885811,0.002214163,0.0004394745,0.001450991,0.005156887,0.002157322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942972,0.002295461,0.0003261057,0.0009484062,0.001349539,0.000783274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005417515,0.00000509691,0.0001923213,0.00001011588,0.000001300887,0.00002384482,0.001000554,0.00001042539,0.00007529171,0.9948219,0.001582801,0.002270838],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002891523,0.00003061809,0.00172693,0.0001580661,0.00001845207,0.0002589505,0.002832125,0.0002800905,0.0002754477,0.9128835,0.08146881,0.00003808644],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0369782,0.007264965,0.03908706,0.1514265,0.002569097,0.0001869264,0.0003436627,0.00009442411,0.7620491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8879377,0.002467341,0.01312169,0.03204408,0.001657341,0.0003011596,0.0001534191,0.0001168591,0.06220037],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03611343,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07180649,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06030698181602328,"score_gpt":0.3456445227242447,"score_spread":0.2853375409082214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}