{"id":"W2952396360","doi":"10.1111/1911-3846.12644","title":"Is the Tone of Risk Disclosures in MD&As Relevant to Debt Markets? Evidence from the Pricing of Credit Default Swaps*","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Contemporary Accounting Research","topic":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":54,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Credit default swap; Tone (literature); Debt; Business; Accounting; Credit risk; Credit derivative; Swap (finance); Actuarial science; Finance; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005033782,0.0001794316,0.0005260934,0.0002590027,0.0003424984,0.0001340703,0.0011346,0.0001247815,0.0001768665],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01670562,0.0001366251,0.0001726687,0.001663432,0.0003011727,0.0004555748,0.0005305716,0.0007179094,0.0001748521],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000687344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002180828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02031183,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004249999,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972591,0.0002144487,0.001172282,0.0005781103,0.0003496139,0.0004264404],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938055,0.004490955,0.0005108477,0.0008145255,0.0002762178,0.0001020062],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003238388,0.00005454204,0.9458146,0.00005153774,0.00004134221,0.000003368471,0.02058209,0.0004564306,0.0002509913,0.002983215,0.02743469,0.002003358],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004847723,0.0001076776,0.9350142,0.0005219122,0.000008262777,7.537564e-7,0.003743164,0.006098341,0.0003954435,0.01122601,0.04215645,0.000242988],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9696129,0.01251828,0.000622237,0.01364928,0.00009964441,0.0007090537,0.0004512963,0.00001660395,0.002320684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977284,0.001130862,0.0002940576,0.0001591014,0.0004245637,0.00004337599,0.00001744002,0.00003079307,0.0001713721],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02811551,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9915771,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1246613088960474,"score_gpt":0.3412014383182672,"score_spread":0.2165401294222198,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}