{"id":"W2952763378","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.138","title":"Assessing the potential of cross-contamination from oil and gas hydraulic fracturing: A case study in northeastern British Columbia, Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Management","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi","funders":"Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs; Ministry of Environment; David Suzuki Foundation","keywords":"Hydraulic fracturing; Contamination; Petroleum engineering; Aquifer; Induced seismicity; Unconventional oil; Environmental science; Oil shale; Fossil fuel; Buoyancy; Geology; Mining engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Groundwater; Waste management; Engineering; Seismology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000313076,0.0001368428,0.0002420697,0.000008585897,0.0001640935,0.0002931732,0.0002330122,0.00003841866,0.0006778917],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002803392,0.0001488641,0.00005604219,0.00006667855,0.0001716783,0.0005178769,0.0003905483,0.000202834,0.000004925527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006176678,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008531772,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.669742,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5986217,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982425,0.00008473045,0.0005634374,0.0002560308,0.0006433313,0.0002099513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992333,0.00003644506,0.0004396506,0.0002089506,0.000001660238,0.0000799776],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001207474,0.0003628806,0.8860965,0.00000949373,0.00005542198,0.002535433,0.0002167661,0.02733285,0.0002421389,6.420172e-8,0.00001061548,0.08312578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001299552,0.0001403093,0.9817379,0.00003325667,0.00006826076,0.0005919749,0.0133656,0.002307758,0.000005775966,0.00002795602,0.0002799537,0.0001417046],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988323,0.00009118171,0.00009468288,0.00004393057,0.0001594365,0.0002008842,0.000004283771,0.000001967598,0.00057129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981022,0.0001322028,0.0004252375,0.0001081918,0.00002154747,0.000004809452,0.000001719257,0.00001814032,0.001185902],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09564141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7422438,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003626090898471752,"score_gpt":0.2017094904508961,"score_spread":0.1980833995524243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}