{"id":"W2952999656","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v9n4p28","title":"Evolution of U.S. Presidential Discourse over 230 Years: A Psycholinguistic Perspective","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Mental Health via Writing","field":"Psychology","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Presidential system; Perspective (graphical); Psychology; Discourse analysis; Affect (linguistics); Social psychology; Nexus (standard); Democracy; Political science; Linguistics; Positive economics; Law; Philosophy; Politics; Art; Economics; Communication","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005352963,0.0001312776,0.0002734886,0.0003333386,0.00001981777,0.00003293681,0.0004958854,0.0001047117,0.001254524],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02254923,0.0001393314,0.000167293,0.0001123027,0.00008649628,0.00005883976,0.00006567815,0.0004134494,0.00005727782],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004845534,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001888416,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002597024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001303125,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978651,0.0000989369,0.0008519036,0.0001949279,0.000769474,0.0002196743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9853563,0.0002658824,0.0009541999,0.0001996708,0.01311565,0.00010824],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002885025,0.001985602,0.1680117,0.0001294956,0.001408915,0.0004772549,0.02607137,0.0008304664,0.0002764773,0.7712821,0.0254906,0.001150942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.02123211,0.003034477,0.6498221,0.002671232,0.0007003243,0.0001473076,0.06257109,0.0008265628,0.0006060739,0.05524892,0.2017403,0.001399497],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.743254,0.0008499396,0.0004282241,0.00002028415,0.09007437,0.0002217896,0.00009000758,0.00002203916,0.1650393],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9794242,0.00001347698,0.000781998,0.00006191999,0.01930465,0.00000190258,0.000005090462,0.00002741345,0.0003793881],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7160332,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996585,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0163050049758038,"score_gpt":0.3889515930996895,"score_spread":0.3726465881238857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}