{"id":"W2953799619","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.121","title":"How big a battery?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Renewable energy; Battery (electricity); Fossil fuel; Stand-alone power system; Wind power; Electricity; Electricity generation; Energy storage; Environmental economics; Intermittent energy source; Coal; Automotive engineering; Environmental science; Distributed generation; Engineering; Waste management; Electrical engineering; Economics; Power (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002283694,0.0006210915,0.0005632796,0.0008965625,0.001625853,0.006056919,0.001149437,0.003879481,0.02570426],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01014975,0.000307661,0.0003945788,0.0009311829,0.003915209,0.02095723,0.001966771,0.004323313,0.01021615],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001478591,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002353684,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001755747,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003481248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987295,0.0003842131,0.00005654117,0.0001500941,0.000545534,0.0001340701],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958885,0.001595177,0.0001734594,0.0003237155,0.001368223,0.0006509099],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009137231,0.00006101156,0.001083168,0.0006599052,0.00005006155,0.0002081709,0.0003298532,0.0007618609,0.001274205,0.3407432,0.4228559,0.2318814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001087854,0.00002922476,0.0003115497,0.0004172974,0.00002531016,0.0002887763,0.001134976,0.0004858288,0.0009807009,0.3091778,0.6871105,0.00002719559],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00656867,0.1003682,0.01880329,0.5433362,0.03519205,0.00005152633,0.0006102292,0.0006242465,0.2944455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3207542,0.1517208,0.0143357,0.1732954,0.02800199,0.0001779124,0.0007021255,0.001053022,0.3099588],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02570426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08598936,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01088409622298447,"score_gpt":0.1908574502343949,"score_spread":0.1799733540114104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}