{"id":"W2953799619","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.121","title":"How big a battery?","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","field":"Energy","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"St. Francis Xavier University; University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Renewable energy; Battery (electricity); Fossil fuel; Stand-alone power system; Wind power; Electricity; Electricity generation; Energy storage; Environmental economics; Intermittent energy source; Coal; Automotive engineering; Environmental science; Distributed generation; Engineering; Waste management; Electrical engineering; Economics; Power (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002568799,0.0005271593,0.0006911387,0.0003633198,0.0001340853,0.0003102,0.0007057475,0.0002900428,0.0009075506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000060994,0.0004851894,0.0002880498,0.0007645335,0.00006529785,0.00035967,0.0001988357,0.0001437947,0.0005697998],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002365999,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001801836,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09339674,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01286659,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966517,0.0002296701,0.0004650919,0.0009201969,0.000675301,0.001058025],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976625,0.0001439478,0.0002329198,0.001489484,0.0001286919,0.0003424528],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000394038,0.00008968547,0.001095649,0.00006360415,0.0001860682,0.00007412099,0.00004919593,0.8321506,0.1226157,0.01904016,0.01310095,0.01149487],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008613648,0.00009077282,0.00005183822,0.00007215393,0.00002060229,0.00007212586,0.0001376251,0.006393155,0.1431337,0.001118449,0.8474364,0.000611881],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1313194,0.002203499,0.01973562,0.001467727,0.00939662,0.0002831444,0.00001966475,0.001416028,0.8341583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6521509,0.00007205665,0.0002376137,0.0004804132,0.001059911,0.0000621428,0.00005864181,0.000123526,0.3457548],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8343354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01088409622298447,"score_gpt":0.1908574502343949,"score_spread":0.1799733540114104,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}