{"id":"W2954620959","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107169","title":"Biochar as a filler in glassfiber reinforced composites: Experimental study of thermal and mechanical properties","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Composites Part B Engineering","topic":"Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; University of New Brunswick; University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biochar; Char; Composite material; Materials science; Charcoal; Composite number; Filler (materials); Stiffness; Activated charcoal; Pyrolysis; Adsorption; Waste management; Chemistry; Metallurgy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002539466,0.0003050591,0.0002473491,0.0002846965,0.0003387305,0.0002507745,0.0002691348,0.0004278306,0.0007864363],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000304803,0.0002080068,0.0002502347,0.0002883397,0.0005200286,0.0003721066,0.0001472222,0.0003674394,0.0001743421],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002413632,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002161746,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001699605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00286882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997739,0.00003216461,0.00001430536,0.00005932141,0.00006299195,0.00005726737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997093,0.0001437732,0.00004738388,0.00003377993,0.00004048963,0.0000251262],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001481641,0.00003482258,0.0002056505,0.0000225924,0.000003227004,0.00002313001,0.00002364578,0.0002138682,0.9988457,0.00003558139,0.000005178165,0.0004385264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002865085,0.0001352746,0.001323268,0.00000132975,0.000006733479,0.00001779619,0.00001896775,0.000481333,0.9979024,0.00000933552,0.00009770455,0.000003048576],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998847,0.0002984384,0.0004098554,0.000006316266,0.000006574526,0.0000043434,0.00004603939,0.000007121433,0.0003742889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998976,0.0001489499,0.000337847,0.000003976553,0.000004014305,0.000004210336,0.0000410208,0.000008237243,0.0004757196],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001699605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003379464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01265570680539685,"score_gpt":0.2236684670384767,"score_spread":0.2110127602330799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}