{"id":"W2955125475","doi":"10.1353/lan.2019.0029","title":"Language Change Across the Lifespan: Three Trajectory Types","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Language change; Variation (astronomy); Face (sociological concept); Trajectory; Psychology; Linguistics; Subject (documents); Transition (genetics); Cognitive psychology; Developmental psychology; Computer science; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005261629,0.00006844349,0.00009859404,0.00001695836,0.0002049973,0.00004532015,0.00026758,0.00008463061,0.002503122],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002900958,0.00004766632,0.00004814295,0.0001220647,0.00009577241,0.00005029958,0.00004404055,0.0001180885,0.001120434],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002881465,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004407021,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00853808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01948001,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991959,0.0001077466,0.00008665806,0.0001431854,0.0001848567,0.0002815925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994786,0.0001492353,0.00004931135,0.0002407477,0.0000291111,0.00005302441],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001884385,0.00004649709,0.01888227,0.0000155248,0.00003521087,0.00006458695,0.9025697,0.000001468874,0.001356438,0.05841562,0.001844062,0.01674978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001208206,0.00009553882,0.1465003,0.00003036042,0.00004471685,0.000009263009,0.2057339,0.00009594171,0.0004889321,0.0006044449,0.6446641,0.0005242096],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9108922,0.0008551152,0.00003062134,0.002422454,0.001538172,0.0003566567,0.00002268132,0.0001347275,0.08374736],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9849457,0.00001222867,0.0000655418,0.002602804,0.001502656,0.00001900734,0.00000840362,0.00001031355,0.01083335],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6968358,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996573,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02895818742620189,"score_gpt":0.3357218628066743,"score_spread":0.3067636753804724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}