{"id":"W2956057809","doi":"10.1097/brs.0000000000003083","title":"Utilization and Outcomes for Spine Surgery in the United States and Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Spine","topic":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","field":"Medicine","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto General Hospital; University of Toronto; University Health Network","funders":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","keywords":"Medicine; Decompression; Cohort; Spinal fusion; Population; Retrospective cohort study; Demographics; Surgery; Demography; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006721392,0.0003356914,0.0004383296,0.001567569,0.001903783,0.001143745,0.0008690188,0.0004120368,0.001429809],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00211665,0.0003873995,0.0007392633,0.004423071,0.000712716,0.0004967618,0.0008638132,0.0006040904,0.0001784997],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01779759,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0220158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9753866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9826406,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986141,0.00008519274,0.0001102188,0.0002400668,0.0005047495,0.0004456864],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9971251,0.0001127641,0.001031848,0.0001015212,0.001104908,0.0005238788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002260012,0.00001114651,0.998912,0.00001288199,0.00004177078,0.0000292771,0.0001038325,0.00002786264,0.00002759474,0.00002976407,0.0002983551,0.0004828879],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007977737,0.00001981738,0.9988045,0.00002167889,0.00002345442,0.00007130362,0.0004155593,0.0001271066,0.00002318688,0.00001408973,0.0004654198,0.000005955093],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900529,0.0005777006,0.0001316925,0.0001756984,0.00001100611,0.0001033644,0.007402441,0.000009336155,0.001535947],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961671,0.0003860822,0.0001635754,0.0001135631,0.000007809976,0.00005236391,0.00271559,0.000003937756,0.0003898054],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02461338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1291312,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03676316166583639,"score_gpt":0.3046628476303881,"score_spread":0.2678996859645518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}