{"id":"W2956057809","doi":"10.1097/brs.0000000000003083","title":"Utilization and Outcomes for Spine Surgery in the United States and Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Spine","topic":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","field":"Medicine","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Toronto General Hospital; University of Toronto; University Health Network","funders":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","keywords":"Medicine; Decompression; Cohort; Spinal fusion; Population; Retrospective cohort study; Demographics; Surgery; Demography; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000126941,0.0000659057,0.0001804579,0.00007726872,0.00001458329,0.000005678274,0.00002192017,0.00002587112,0.00003398511],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001273681,0.00003964026,0.00001732329,0.00009180205,0.00002098224,0.00002841949,0.00001234491,0.0000443485,8.428255e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001330706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004747013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1028464,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1590336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995798,0.00001591146,0.000131971,0.0001043357,0.00005823333,0.0001097529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998022,0.00001818086,0.00002667726,0.00009581113,0.00003102986,0.00002605064],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001804799,0.00004057541,0.9828515,0.0002156002,0.00002274224,0.00001941634,0.0001660754,0.000002372691,0.000695342,0.0007775451,0.01108934,0.00410144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006995969,0.0001614715,0.99028,0.0000398885,0.00001476458,0.00001821918,0.0003282529,0.001072725,0.0001849595,0.00005573178,0.007095748,0.00004862184],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931992,0.0002811788,0.00006671449,0.005936868,0.0000856411,0.0002862043,0.000008972847,0.000006546277,0.0001287206],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931623,0.000218222,0.0001046125,0.00558605,0.00001967803,0.00001289847,0.0002535042,0.000007031386,0.0006357014],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05618724,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9031278,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03676316166583639,"score_gpt":0.3046628476303881,"score_spread":0.2678996859645518,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}