{"id":"W2956092844","doi":"10.14288/1.0375876","title":"Wood fuel from British Columbia : multi-scale assessment of the economic, energetic and environmental efficiencies of the supply chains of conventional and torrefied wood pellets","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pellets; Torrefaction; Wood fuel; Environmental science; Waste management; Scale (ratio); Douglas fir; Wood industry; Supply chain; Bioenergy; Pulp and paper industry; Biofuel; Engineering; Forestry; Business; Pyrolysis; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002887223,0.0006844127,0.0003893608,0.0008756629,0.001533305,0.001390339,0.0008199508,0.0006458988,0.00171688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004658914,0.0003458085,0.000328746,0.002088259,0.0004825224,0.0004965935,0.0004370791,0.0004759003,0.0003190193],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01728093,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006493291,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9719101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9803309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997885,0.00002102709,0.000007034573,0.00004336556,0.00008783382,0.00005223627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996449,0.00005046173,0.00002274426,0.00001598228,0.000220482,0.00004541454],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003183572,0.001174964,0.5594376,0.0009035148,0.0005771817,0.004221948,0.001816512,0.2556705,0.04453063,0.00252886,0.01122794,0.1147268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001403051,0.0005414049,0.7436557,0.000138332,0.0001992496,0.0001982253,0.006868303,0.2220055,0.01355574,0.0004265964,0.0121381,0.0001324869],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943879,0.0001172585,0.0002290653,0.00005037832,0.0000038071,0.00005542535,0.001237955,0.00002025017,0.003897783],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931525,0.0002382208,0.0006303698,0.00003435007,0.000001292846,0.00004715546,0.002020096,0.00001227535,0.003863745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02808988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1253824,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003150783496917699,"score_gpt":0.1427824758213811,"score_spread":0.1396316923244635,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}