{"id":"W2957305577","doi":"10.1007/s11416-019-00338-7","title":"A Cyber-Kill-Chain based taxonomy of crypto-ransomware features","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":107,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"University of Salford Manchester","keywords":"Ransomware; Computer science; Computer security; Taxonomy (biology); Malware; Biology; Zoology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001101396,0.0008842748,0.000374282,0.008329568,0.002436467,0.003909578,0.001182552,0.001822958,0.005944509],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004716457,0.0002945719,0.0007624211,0.004463555,0.003061994,0.008266135,0.002489343,0.001938795,0.002133813],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002003945,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002283489,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004024568,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002954238,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978422,0.0003076071,0.0002265357,0.0002767605,0.001007868,0.0003390122],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995229,0.001075004,0.0009985577,0.0006891412,0.001660396,0.00034789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001712704,0.0002470714,0.07019167,0.0009215992,0.00004861966,0.00224274,0.01157112,0.006065997,0.007593984,0.5195224,0.01560529,0.3658182],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000299802,0.000749766,0.06649599,0.002035505,0.0001390924,0.01443878,0.0169311,0.0530736,0.007162168,0.2775663,0.5611321,0.0002456004],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.3422303,0.0058198,0.4093219,0.004614535,0.0003119909,0.001554791,0.002114489,0.002347815,0.2316845],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7436721,0.004163189,0.2069644,0.0006551573,0.0001412451,0.0005881536,0.004118903,0.0002903239,0.03940652],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008329568,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01988637,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009104240919380079,"score_gpt":0.2354682402076756,"score_spread":0.2263639992882955,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}