{"id":"W2960174411","doi":"10.5430/rwe.v10n2p147","title":"The Simultaneity of Corporate Financial Decisions Under Different Levels of Managerial Ownership: A Case of Pakistani Listed Firms","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Research in World Economy","topic":"Islamic Finance and Banking Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Principal–agent problem; Simultaneity; Pecking order; Endogeneity; Finance; Pecking order theory; Agency cost; Investment decisions; Business; Order (exchange); Economics; Cash flow; Sample (material); Accounting; Capital structure; Shareholder; Debt; Corporate governance; Econometrics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00141744,0.0001259123,0.0003808306,0.0004151498,0.000151099,0.00005883422,0.0003406437,0.00004555801,0.0001240292],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002908278,0.0000865434,0.00008894689,0.0008622363,0.0003202572,0.000242512,0.000373709,0.0002333682,0.00002630844],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000591232,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006322453,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001266856,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008716745,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985878,0.0000484226,0.0005602381,0.0002310885,0.0002022637,0.0003701939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979919,0.0009007591,0.0004170334,0.000377875,0.0003075553,0.000004899703],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001033406,0.0005603681,0.09003858,0.001264872,0.0001450601,0.0001971423,0.0004649937,0.00117447,0.00067766,0.8544177,0.002728532,0.0472972],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004715073,0.0001553048,0.6103917,0.001481033,0.0000505513,0.000005781151,0.002479746,0.007216825,0.001225838,0.3523321,0.0193257,0.0006204283],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926763,0.00008817141,0.0000230437,0.0005012569,0.0001933332,0.0004591273,0.00001829675,0.000006409797,0.006034076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988213,0.00002322973,0.00002063,0.00003302699,0.0001374224,0.00001738668,0.000004860413,0.00001152449,0.000930612],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5203531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4864148,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1096518775156194,"score_gpt":0.3254366071630535,"score_spread":0.2157847296474341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}