{"id":"W2961588734","doi":"10.5539/jel.v8n4p93","title":"Students’ Attitudes Towards Learning English Vocabulary Through Collaborative Group Work Versus Individual Work","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Vocabulary; Psychology; Group work; Reading (process); Mathematics education; Reading comprehension; Perception; Likert scale; Intervention (counseling); Work (physics); Vocabulary development; Vocabulary learning; Comprehension; Pedagogy; Teaching method; Developmental psychology; Computer science; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004824943,0.0002230983,0.0004037842,0.0002800513,0.0003743712,0.0002330152,0.0002930994,0.0001789432,0.001005102],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001850505,0.0002029424,0.00009245389,0.0009506376,0.00008383585,0.0003335487,0.0000751164,0.002906666,0.00006254002],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009974919,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000228484,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002024242,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.391814e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9953315,0.003041854,0.0005344708,0.0002842423,0.0005037978,0.0003041484],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973975,0.0008724196,0.0008782889,0.0001464524,0.0006037643,0.0001015619],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007035048,0.0003794779,0.7621046,0.00001886261,0.0004142247,0.000005358729,0.1453284,0.0003764664,0.00003549664,0.0009558811,0.00222479,0.08745296],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001612065,0.0009625352,0.7539777,0.0002509383,0.00007334378,0.00001448816,0.05547077,7.682852e-7,0.000005570974,0.00002506269,0.1873889,0.0002179166],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9743037,0.002413007,0.0008945536,0.0002257665,0.006773319,0.000144138,3.305728e-7,0.00004957363,0.01519556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9813915,0.00005106074,0.009269279,0.0002237086,0.00123297,0.000007802792,0.00001289718,0.00003803118,0.007772787],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1851641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999081,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04163273935458024,"score_gpt":0.4055265538425073,"score_spread":0.3638938144879271,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}