{"id":"W2962517794","doi":"10.1007/s41669-019-0161-0","title":"The Costs of Industry-Sponsored Drug Trials in Canada","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PharmacoEconomics - Open","topic":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute of Health Economics; University of Alberta","funders":"Innovative Medicines Canada","keywords":"Cancer drugs; Medicine; Clinical trial; Drug; Business; Pharmacology; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01101381,0.0003189413,0.001066558,0.0000905127,0.0002540902,0.00007879686,0.001891547,0.0004440875,0.00670497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004642352,0.0002658847,0.0001348479,0.0002603037,0.0001452586,0.0003355204,0.0005462311,0.003516982,0.0002161625],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001317355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003706628,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4567232,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4831818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9933887,0.003337791,0.001780876,0.0004790847,0.0001578793,0.0008556595],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9921156,0.006089936,0.0007254764,0.0004133019,0.00010066,0.0005550468],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0118496,0.0006963131,0.5651241,0.000271415,0.001286944,0.0001125197,0.001039889,0.0109274,0.01632272,0.02574297,0.2406172,0.1260089],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009190374,0.00005754787,0.007377818,0.00006204447,0.000164108,0.00001576048,0.001728813,0.01210195,0.08049966,0.0008185534,0.8873693,0.0006141205],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9576337,0.0008137799,5.120239e-7,0.01483295,0.003194072,0.002582405,0.0004433602,0.00001564976,0.02048358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9855712,0.0009691434,0.00001911535,0.01035673,0.0001998286,0.0001692322,0.00002831474,0.00003449147,0.00265197],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6467521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999793,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4439171069277689,"score_gpt":0.573564349915947,"score_spread":0.1296472429881781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}