{"id":"W2963316115","doi":"10.1111/cjag.12200","title":"Nontariff measures and product differentiation: Hormone‐treated beef trade from the United States and Canada to the European Union","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d agroeconomie","topic":"Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture; European Commission; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"European union; Product differentiation; Product (mathematics); Consumption (sociology); International trade; Business; Economics; Microeconomics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009885498,0.000384802,0.0006600785,0.0001939758,0.0003870936,0.0004425702,0.0007027725,0.00008494272,0.00007648316],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008237336,0.0002587418,0.000129863,0.0001535698,0.0000872598,0.0004246877,0.00006327545,0.0004049659,0.00003292305],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001042294,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002519272,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9300909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9976221,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976535,0.0001187242,0.001043504,0.0005426116,0.00001362289,0.000628031],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997516,0.0002023336,0.0007914593,0.0003800961,0.00008888307,0.001021203],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002060846,0.00007600182,0.6680596,0.0000867566,0.003478532,0.0001035424,0.01807574,0.01546004,0.0002178713,0.04697405,0.2355084,0.0117534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005561129,0.0001538107,0.8406501,0.0000288555,0.00004579437,0.0001151249,0.001821934,0.00007238534,0.00001289057,0.00106807,0.155055,0.0004200012],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9498287,0.002553252,0.000003782621,0.04376203,0.0009821919,0.0004756916,0.0009120475,0.000006602818,0.001475713],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960373,0.0007880004,0.00003376423,0.001772965,0.0007132773,0.000007597847,0.0002461209,0.00003103909,0.0003699337],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1725904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999865,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01390584893670768,"score_gpt":0.1330748756328733,"score_spread":0.1191690266961657,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}