{"id":"W2963456063","doi":"10.1088/1748-0221/14/06/p06012","title":"Modelling radiation damage to pixel sensors in the ATLAS detector","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Instrumentation","topic":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"TRIUMF; Carleton University; Simon Fraser University; University of British Columbia; York University; University of Victoria; McGill University; University of Alberta; Université de Montréal; Institute of Particle Physics; University of Toronto","funders":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; European Social Fund; High Energy Physics; Division of Physics; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Russian Academy of Sciences; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of California, Irvine; College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology; Services Fédéraux des Affaires Scientifiques, Techniques et Culturelles; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica; National Research Nuclear University MEPhI; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; University of Science and Technology of China; Universidade do Minho; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Université Paris-Sud; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora; High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; Université Paris Diderot; University of Tsukuba; Nuclear Physics; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Universidade de Coimbra; Universidade de São Paulo; Royal Holloway, University of London; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Universitetet i Oslo; National Tsing Hua University; Università degli Studi di Pavia; CERN; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Ministry of Education, India; TRIUMF; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS; Simon Fraser University; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London; Israel Science Foundation; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; General Secretariat for Research and Technology; European Regional Development Fund; Akademie Věd České Republiky; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft; Lunds Universitet; National Research Center \"Kurchatov Institute\"; University of Toronto; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; McGill University; Univerzita Karlova v Praze; Generalitat de Catalunya; Academia Sinica; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; National Science Foundation; Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Tomsk State University; Compute Canada; Radboud Universiteit; Leverhulme Trust; European Commission; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Université Paris-Saclay; Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci; Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Sapienza Università di Roma; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Türkiye Atom Enerjisi Kurumu; Universiteit van Amsterdam; Universität Heidelberg; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanislawa Staszica; University of Sussex; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; University College London; Univerza v Ljubljani; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique; Royal Society; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; York University; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Louisiana Tech University; National Research Centre; Canarie; Universität Siegen; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; University of Oregon; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Stony Brook University; Institut \"Jožef Stefan\"; Centres de Recerca de Catalunya; Università degli Studi di Trento; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Michigan State University; U.S. Department of Energy; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Shandong University; Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki; Tel Aviv University; Iowa State University; University of Pittsburgh; Queen Mary University of London; Austrian Science Fund; University of Pennsylvania; University of Oklahoma; Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules; Universidade de Lisboa; Northern Illinois University; University of Washington; Oklahoma State University; Università di Pisa; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Aix-Marseille Université; Ohio State University; České Vysoké Učení Technické v Praze; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Universidad de Granada; Sorbonne Université; Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan; University of Oxford; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research","keywords":"Pixel; Physics; Large Hadron Collider; Detector; Atlas (anatomy); Upgrade; Radiation; Optics; Radiation damage; ATLAS experiment; Nuclear physics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002595538,0.00005299283,0.0000744065,0.00008893757,0.00002980668,0.00003923259,0.00008638742,0.00001116274,0.00008362962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002028686,0.00003869422,0.00003251482,0.0001633531,0.000003589946,0.0003174377,0.000005775566,0.00009599429,0.00005904045],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003368025,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002605897,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001918921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000143988,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994165,0.00003463958,0.0002406948,0.00004879653,0.0001664354,0.00009294708],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997099,0.0000296169,0.0001482436,0.0000542642,0.00003234977,0.00002559387],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001534622,0.00006763125,0.6534914,0.00001085421,0.00003768142,0.000001396224,0.008955478,0.2210339,0.05626665,0.0004105367,0.0001059153,0.05946508],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004671608,0.0005547566,0.4076368,0.0001575912,0.00004211369,0.00001122771,0.008144181,0.3199665,0.2534822,0.001284849,0.003594396,0.0004538052],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970151,0.000003986507,0.002126608,0.0001212327,0.0001879249,0.0001189122,0.000001164257,0.000001624275,0.0004233996],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989598,0.000002470433,0.0008414622,0.00004328579,0.0001184996,0.000001783278,0.000002640299,0.000003926454,0.00002611131],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2458546,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1577904,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01367479065994365,"score_gpt":0.2490651525769532,"score_spread":0.2353903619170095,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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