{"id":"W2963506989","doi":"10.3386/w26073","title":"Passive Versus Active Growth: Evidence from Founder Choices and Venture Capital Investment","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Private Equity and Venture Capital","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation","keywords":"Venture capital; Investment (military); Economics; Initial public offering; Social venture capital; Finance; Business; Monetary economics; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004141849,0.0002100635,0.0002738376,0.001143113,0.0003959657,0.001322067,0.0006648996,0.0006149436,0.00335468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0242838,0.0001769269,0.0003661258,0.001107816,0.001045967,0.001652178,0.001438324,0.0009129937,0.0004024582],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002929201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003749278,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004174169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00572344,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988261,0.0004000857,0.00008821453,0.0002637694,0.0002244413,0.0001973374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9118568,0.04939457,0.02955023,0.003114644,0.001293387,0.004790375],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001287843,0.0001152848,0.9923187,0.00001963686,0.00005822874,0.00005247581,0.000313228,0.0002576985,0.00009449978,0.0007188174,0.0001471438,0.00577545],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001370562,0.0001619862,0.9948707,0.00003567145,0.00005055316,0.0001052289,0.0006490359,0.001264227,0.0001986738,0.001650667,0.0009908006,0.000008791293],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9952921,0.0004194569,0.0006227804,0.0002596194,0.000004758013,0.00001078071,0.0003256208,0.000005674965,0.003059342],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990057,0.0001703871,0.0001175599,0.00003349672,0.00001119373,0.000005811162,0.0002213383,0.000002424158,0.0004320673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004174169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02190447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3602434791148283,"score_gpt":0.4609014431226449,"score_spread":0.1006579640078166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}