{"id":"W2963775778","doi":"10.1190/geo2019-0473.1","title":"Mapping full seismic waveforms to vertical velocity profiles by deep learning","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysics","topic":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; National Science and Technology Major Project; Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund; Saudi Aramco; European Regional Development Fund; Fundación Charles Darwin; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor; Liber Ero Foundation; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; A.G. Leventis Foundation; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Disney Conservation Fund; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação, Tecnologia e Inovação; University of Tasmania; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; European Commission; National Geographic Society; Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt; Cape Eleuthera Foundation; BC Hydro; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS); Primate Conservation; ArcticNet; Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Commission for Environmental Cooperation; Ministry of Education, India; Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment; Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development; Ministry of Environment; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Fondation Bertarelli; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Overfitting; Computer science; Convolutional neural network; Inversion (geology); Exploit; Pattern recognition (psychology); Geology; Artificial neural network; Midpoint; Waveform; Artificial intelligence; Algorithm; Seismology; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001202921,0.0001237699,0.000148083,0.00003554002,0.0002130669,0.00007048072,0.0001457927,0.00005442988,0.0004318208],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006129771,0.0001096056,0.00005871371,0.0003128432,0.00004748905,0.0001623709,0.00003442369,0.0002418317,0.0009554271],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009750142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004450056,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009574542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000865034,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989663,0.00004904771,0.0001428341,0.0002749869,0.0002234495,0.0003433666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995672,0.00005232003,0.0000230379,0.0001577983,0.00006257229,0.000137085],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003528379,0.00005301843,0.029559,0.00006287421,0.00003907353,0.00005180149,0.001713194,0.001427431,0.006168782,0.0000675198,0.05873897,0.902083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000427063,0.0003349176,0.05902284,0.0001091333,0.00002369798,0.00005331503,0.003009157,0.4622137,0.07994696,0.00653567,0.387381,0.0009426142],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9744115,0.0001745276,0.01786843,0.00135264,0.0002403861,0.00009544371,0.00002023158,0.0002388257,0.005598006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908982,0.00003407453,0.003508833,0.004259695,0.0001228497,0.000001726952,0.0002369203,0.000005961992,0.0009317322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9011405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998224,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008825939456666753,"score_gpt":0.1986011527336905,"score_spread":0.1897752132770237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}