{"id":"W2965396367","doi":"10.1080/10439463.2019.1649405","title":"What democratic policing is … and is not","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Policing & Society","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Democracy; Politics; Sociology; Democratization; Ideology; Latin Americans; Democratic ideals; Political economy; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006503676,0.0001625789,0.000228617,0.00003938359,0.0009981606,0.0004692902,0.0001971346,0.0001692999,0.0006110387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004501902,0.000161162,0.0001790754,0.0003016789,0.0002140832,0.001080173,0.00009042241,0.0002724151,0.0003177234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001448437,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001363459,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2806638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008273299,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984132,0.0001104558,0.0002146878,0.0003038408,0.0003600959,0.0005977193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989776,0.0003352025,0.0001305779,0.0002776637,0.0000612279,0.0002177122],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003526402,0.00002410417,0.02384861,0.00004273875,0.00005531533,1.500648e-7,0.9356695,0.000005980251,0.00251931,0.003480369,0.03071749,0.003632839],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001828188,0.000201736,0.2359582,0.0007566051,0.0003688263,0.00002246199,0.3451603,0.004775435,0.001960642,0.005810494,0.4013302,0.001826981],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9448661,0.00006294811,0.00002087846,0.03513466,0.0004810578,0.0002184106,0.000009217969,0.0001028874,0.01910389],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9334388,0.00362598,0.0003704965,0.04438334,0.0006590015,0.000005693437,0.000001623628,0.00002343244,0.01749159],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5905092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7677145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04599884208848737,"score_gpt":0.3730281492621104,"score_spread":0.327029307173623,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}