{"id":"W2965672800","doi":"10.33524/cjar.v19i3.412","title":"A History and Analysis of the Evolution of Action and Participatory Action Research","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Action Research","topic":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Participatory action research; Action research; Sociology; Transformative learning; Social research; Action (physics); Epistemology; Social science; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01319885,0.00003868109,0.0001189151,0.0009736638,0.001476113,0.00005627088,0.0001705162,0.0000661877,0.0002754212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007439743,0.00002664391,0.00005162387,0.00126186,0.001773849,0.0004745532,0.00001920844,0.0003190346,0.000002004296],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001974436,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002474405,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1717428,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5034639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966186,0.001823625,0.0003480519,0.00006220643,0.0009018031,0.0002456564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969833,0.0002965499,0.0003254087,0.0001370939,0.002093222,0.0001644131],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008804877,0.00007300465,0.1507915,0.0002508489,0.001369604,0.000001985089,0.4906153,0.0001115938,0.02678739,0.2126533,0.04451842,0.07194656],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004517735,0.0004846492,0.4200078,0.00008627954,0.0002126017,0.00001130563,0.3749395,0.0008238459,0.003389872,0.003740463,0.1957508,0.0001011325],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940885,0.0001878355,0.0001096613,0.001724173,0.0004239994,0.0001940655,0.000006188597,0.000001552452,0.003263988],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990692,0.00008830494,0.000008564582,0.00001328248,0.0002085265,0.000003896879,5.697622e-7,0.000003000329,0.0006046751],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3317212,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998238,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4916842145122136,"score_gpt":0.5316600573525101,"score_spread":0.03997584284029654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}