{"id":"W2966126903","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198817666.013.2","title":"Observations and the universe","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"History and Developments in Astronomy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Spiral galaxy; Astronomy; Galaxy; Physics; Planetary nebula; Stars; Astrophysics; Cosmology; Spiral (railway)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005641462,0.0001907941,0.0002028722,0.001683463,0.0007103528,0.003053212,0.000437825,0.0007485892,0.01911237],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00174623,0.0001915292,0.00009339095,0.002885981,0.002168057,0.004223684,0.001433715,0.001487204,0.003004907],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001399589,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004902257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006645745,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009224828,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996734,0.00007409101,0.00001011979,0.0001100534,0.000103902,0.00002843222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993439,0.0003307619,0.00008282346,0.0001215674,0.00007335891,0.00004759577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005557889,0.00004343685,0.01512175,0.000500948,0.00003299164,0.0004157903,0.005270692,0.0003911625,0.001020663,0.4976704,0.1623959,0.3170809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000340207,0.000004968546,0.01819174,0.0003210826,0.00000535376,0.0001474667,0.0006744936,0.00008567428,0.0001250973,0.05334536,0.9270857,0.000009707228],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.02631444,0.1330039,0.002075715,0.0309508,0.00119257,0.00001894201,0.003720855,0.0001797234,0.802543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5022635,0.1523046,0.003807202,0.01022025,0.005338503,0.00005735361,0.005959895,0.0002614559,0.3197873],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01911237,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06393725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01968333296296107,"score_gpt":0.1769881475177184,"score_spread":0.1573048145547574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}