{"id":"W2966423332","doi":"10.1016/j.hal.2019.101632","title":"Future HAB science: Directions and challenges in a changing climate","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harmful Algae","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":440,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Interreg; Göteborgs Universitet; Academy of Finland; Natural Environment Research Council; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Sight Research UK; Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas; North Pacific Marine Science Organization; Vetenskapsrådet; Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut","keywords":"Ocean acidification; Algal bloom; Climate change; Environmental science; Global warming; Ecology; Benthic zone; Oceanography; Phytoplankton; Environmental resource management; Nutrient; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004951139,0.00008265,0.0001152955,0.0003206844,0.000147915,0.0000661524,0.0001114917,0.00003165127,0.0009294432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006854329,0.00006818702,0.00001817996,0.0004953612,0.00003860993,0.0002699927,0.00004341497,0.00008952379,0.0003098562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000003595362,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002597779,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004378492,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006124272,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990888,0.00002121852,0.00010428,0.0002603901,0.0001306841,0.0003946903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997202,0.00002450032,0.00003012242,0.000126329,0.00001813422,0.0000806927],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001599655,0.00001176426,0.5098113,0.0001046332,0.00000400235,0.000008348755,0.0009428877,0.0000277178,0.00005169284,0.00184246,0.00001936199,0.4871598],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003192593,0.00008770161,0.8507582,0.00004749679,0.000003864528,0.00004837258,0.00452349,0.009022578,0.00004938079,0.0001411165,0.1347961,0.0002024685],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8241598,0.004663978,5.445326e-7,0.0007396077,0.0005191715,0.0001437385,0.00001344635,0.00003745434,0.1697223],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941604,0.005218777,0.00003808027,0.000065384,0.0001352979,0.000001886228,0.000007410164,0.000002261469,0.0003705676],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4869574,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999838,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01625631633960358,"score_gpt":0.2027344668374635,"score_spread":0.1864781504978599,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}