{"id":"W2966524506","doi":"10.3390/e21080749","title":"Efficiencies and Work Losses for Cycles Interacting with Reservoirs of Apparent Negative Temperatures","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Entropy","topic":"Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Work (physics); Environmental science; Statistical physics; Soil science; Mathematics; Materials science; Physics; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008213863,0.0003511245,0.0004089703,0.001142655,0.0004461023,0.0007721102,0.000658565,0.0003981854,0.004095525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002275205,0.000201447,0.0002928368,0.0005483603,0.00111617,0.001476929,0.0007945358,0.000475816,0.0009066077],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005392712,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001757992,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002299509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002260103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995748,0.00003920398,0.00002444522,0.00007328641,0.0001654301,0.0001227916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988382,0.0006846225,0.0001365863,0.0001395108,0.0001329327,0.00006813653],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00375169,0.0008585952,0.03218804,0.0009136204,0.0002700796,0.001337726,0.001960664,0.1364914,0.6099095,0.08122919,0.002428452,0.128661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005098831,0.000845203,0.03327115,0.00007865085,0.00008256479,0.0006012407,0.0008936544,0.1498602,0.7806738,0.0273674,0.006143657,0.0001315019],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9800814,0.0007346222,0.009838694,0.00008665757,0.00003354292,0.00002443604,0.0002390022,0.0001388732,0.008822725],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971216,0.0001400958,0.0004845442,0.000008446531,0.000004292934,0.00001884051,0.0001205599,0.00004957414,0.002051955],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004095525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0137009,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00647159192933451,"score_gpt":0.2170796339238587,"score_spread":0.2106080419945242,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}