{"id":"W2966573621","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.07.009","title":"The violence of municipal debt: From interest rate swaps to racialized harm in the Detroit water crisis","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geoforum","topic":"Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":67,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Urban Studies Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of Justice","keywords":"Capitalism; Financialization; Austerity; Credit default swap; Debt; Sociology; Financial crisis; Economics; Political economy; Finance; Political science; Law; Keynesian economics; Politics; Credit risk","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001456911,0.000125101,0.0003009892,0.0005321638,0.002224357,0.00370989,0.0006287355,0.00280419,0.006566143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004723532,0.0001707951,0.0001626115,0.0009447504,0.003377211,0.002737707,0.002504701,0.003183181,0.0002739136],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003451307,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001867305,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07319975,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1521267,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994634,0.0002096783,0.00001919778,0.00003375626,0.00004707655,0.0002269224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980313,0.0004151034,0.0007435424,0.00007756672,0.0002396151,0.0004928022],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001347521,0.0007354694,0.354407,0.0001888373,0.0002431564,0.002835149,0.05335438,0.004887683,0.001166134,0.433506,0.08132719,0.06600157],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001122401,0.0001850269,0.5186563,0.000397008,0.0001466287,0.0005639377,0.2080997,0.007894129,0.001098988,0.1893925,0.07334376,0.000109804],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9167207,0.000746516,0.0001307154,0.05939074,0.00005955539,0.00000770373,0.0002118645,0.00000444953,0.02272779],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961956,0.0003046474,0.00001660145,0.00116715,0.00005752295,0.000003527319,0.00003145562,0.000003806971,0.002219774],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07319975,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1455473,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02682180887768684,"score_gpt":0.2355849255730763,"score_spread":0.2087631166953895,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}