{"id":"W2966752661","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0020","title":"The Spending Power in Canada","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Oxford University Press eBooks","topic":"Political Systems and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Legitimacy; Legislature; Constitution; Political science; Separation of powers; Jurisdiction; Enforcement; Law and economics; Politics; Law; Power (physics); Scope (computer science); Federalism; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001840015,0.0001259968,0.0001804409,0.0000175708,0.0009384897,0.00007958262,0.0007675366,0.0001402919,0.00002997203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003595981,0.0001139427,0.00006484677,0.000001813606,0.0002723713,0.00006374721,0.0001645131,0.0002695732,8.156829e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001411424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001209658,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9877166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9956543,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989346,0.00003748145,0.000102508,0.0001889042,0.0003672472,0.0003692049],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991917,0.000135685,0.000190117,0.0003131666,0.00003073961,0.0001386164],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009908584,5.8494e-7,0.00007248313,0.000003823911,0.00001317055,0.0001148944,0.0001911853,1.829558e-7,6.738384e-8,0.9963636,0.002053469,0.001176629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000959954,0.000003550094,0.0003761997,0.00009509816,0.00000884506,3.919553e-7,0.000118318,0.000001338471,7.059069e-7,0.001600157,0.9975535,0.0001459352],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001786343,0.00006899948,0.000001855196,0.0001150786,0.0004605378,0.0001794148,0.0000648471,0.0000106661,0.99892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.030628,0.0001979772,0.00000264358,0.00002244821,0.00009149705,2.135262e-7,7.032832e-7,0.000009059857,0.9690474],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9955,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7218199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02645317152795824,"score_gpt":0.2292542538071569,"score_spread":0.2028010822791987,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}