{"id":"W2966867637","doi":"10.3390/app9153109","title":"Influence of Commercial Biochar Fillers on Brittleness/Ductility of Epoxy Resin Composites","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Sciences","topic":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":64,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Biochar; Materials science; Epoxy; Composite material; Brittleness; Ultimate tensile strength; Ductility (Earth science); Composite number; Thermosetting polymer; Elongation; Pyrolysis; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002547457,0.0004031676,0.0002121486,0.0003768931,0.0001596325,0.0003818654,0.0001417956,0.0002616123,0.001083912],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006011133,0.0001854033,0.0001947702,0.0002586618,0.000229893,0.0002799714,0.0001308052,0.0003054823,0.0001908592],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001376331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001028729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005487914,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001740259,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997221,0.00004891964,0.00003899362,0.00006150256,0.00007764583,0.00005079546],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993247,0.0003233827,0.0001344748,0.00003976441,0.0001184848,0.00005915101],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008241613,0.00001935536,0.0001841487,0.00004389641,0.00000652981,0.00003600453,0.00001966543,0.000109913,0.9987906,0.00001153276,0.000007703034,0.0006883006],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000013875,0.0001447627,0.001317903,0.000003110526,0.00001364985,0.00002146856,0.00001904156,0.0001918239,0.9980951,0.000003874296,0.000184742,0.00000312556],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977235,0.000820156,0.0004734855,0.00001680673,0.00001724821,0.00001064275,0.0001126782,0.00002106977,0.000804387],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982867,0.0004282468,0.000751255,0.00001410464,0.000006641943,0.000009207794,0.00009236111,0.00002375266,0.0003876926],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001083912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003626049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01303210018840851,"score_gpt":0.2536240818866147,"score_spread":0.2405919816982062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}