{"id":"W2966922177","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00758","title":"Africa's apex predator, the lion, is limited by interference and exploitative competition with humans","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Global Ecology and Conservation","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Nelson Mandela University; Weeden Foundation; Panthera","keywords":"Apex predator; Panthera; Ecology; Competition (biology); Predation; Occupancy; Carnivore; Geography; Predator; Pastoralism; Mesopredator release hypothesis; Biology; Livestock","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003055644,0.000269537,0.0002987449,0.0003008067,0.0004838725,0.0008590496,0.0003033338,0.0002610823,0.001657372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001628834,0.0002505976,0.0003156119,0.0003151516,0.0005887036,0.0007485096,0.0006100746,0.0001941539,0.0001395281],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005738269,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000494698,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02818527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05009598,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998432,0.00005685514,0.000006397393,0.00003652473,0.00001276204,0.00004416269],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994096,0.0002359421,0.0002326304,0.00003253655,0.00003682022,0.00005251461],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001657206,0.00004166317,0.9527724,0.0001314437,0.0001306299,0.0003370129,0.0006960749,0.02399044,0.007626417,0.001455818,0.0002186357,0.01243372],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000205449,0.0003725284,0.8716655,0.0001054323,0.0001180699,0.0006062021,0.00248119,0.1191628,0.001147773,0.00254425,0.001733719,0.00004197836],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985148,0.00006989935,0.0006598794,0.00004830519,7.921403e-7,0.000002919403,0.00003172993,0.000007311948,0.0006643066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993823,0.00007631592,0.0003790281,0.00000924083,0.000001505408,0.000002677744,0.00002289052,0.000002277008,0.0001236741],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02818527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05604243,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008407829423420578,"score_gpt":0.1988743663156259,"score_spread":0.1904665368922054,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}