{"id":"W2967064107","doi":"10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03656","title":"Effects of Contact Angle on Single and Multiscale Bubble Motions in the Aluminum Reduction Cell","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Volume of fluid method; Bubble; Contact angle; Mechanics; Anode; Materials science; Work (physics); Transient (computer programming); Solid surface; Volume (thermodynamics); Physics; Composite material; Electrode; Thermodynamics; Chemical physics; Flow (mathematics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001100377,0.0001881154,0.0002507403,0.000160133,0.0002050962,0.0003830129,0.0001619927,0.0002233233,0.0005898912],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005773927,0.000126833,0.0001615361,0.000127771,0.0003216582,0.0003944648,0.0002799421,0.00024703,0.00007925095],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002301865,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000186934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001694255,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001085215,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998851,0.00001122044,0.000004312491,0.00002796514,0.00003995664,0.00003155548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996921,0.0001879877,0.00004881895,0.00001679254,0.00002705156,0.00002727644],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004200927,0.0000869128,0.003236159,0.0001172771,0.00001270695,0.0005569627,0.0002135388,0.07026624,0.9113346,0.001168757,0.0001234469,0.0124633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002986604,0.0004329271,0.007621585,0.00000858819,0.00001984919,0.0001324673,0.0002290333,0.4685029,0.5217885,0.0003831299,0.0008131617,0.00003801304],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896904,0.0002959257,0.008937713,0.00003942532,0.0000131681,0.000007250108,0.00002726488,0.00005962096,0.0009291788],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991636,0.00009915297,0.0005933019,0.000004271702,0.000002351237,0.000002349888,0.000008690404,0.00000483561,0.000121397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001694255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003368795,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03041548419968079,"score_gpt":0.2555467855866153,"score_spread":0.2251313013869345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}