{"id":"W2967832480","doi":"10.1558/35620","title":"What absolute beginners learn from input","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Instructed Second Language Acquisition","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Second-language acquisition; Contrast (vision); Generative grammar; Language acquisition; Cognition; Absolute (philosophy); Cognitive science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Linguistics; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001226326,0.0002465136,0.0002214067,0.0002038659,0.0001632582,0.000194368,0.0002746325,0.0002518062,0.1269263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002287117,0.0002408447,0.00008265314,0.0002440188,0.0001884759,0.0007216944,0.00007078219,0.0002100268,0.002549345],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005694239,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003586622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005012433,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007015289,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983993,0.0001090824,0.0003138433,0.0005103278,0.0002134968,0.0004539687],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990747,0.00005727563,0.0001427929,0.0005070696,0.00009589524,0.0001222484],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008644091,0.0002968243,0.002239395,0.00004091951,0.0008954568,0.000847686,0.2544631,0.000003006983,0.05566705,0.00337468,0.07613293,0.6051745],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01706243,0.0009508842,0.3903398,0.0004079755,0.0003034646,0.0003206382,0.4034863,0.000420036,0.03194565,0.004227038,0.146535,0.004000784],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9557947,0.001374257,0.0001466679,0.0002037405,0.003890776,0.0001957161,0.00006730197,0.0002860176,0.03804086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9859358,0.00001230294,0.001045012,0.004089127,0.001106748,0.00002655474,0.0009804429,0.00004750505,0.006756496],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6011738,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982273,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00913060920172593,"score_gpt":0.2716700161304014,"score_spread":0.2625394069286755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}