{"id":"W2967832480","doi":"10.1558/35620","title":"What absolute beginners learn from input","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Instructed Second Language Acquisition","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Second-language acquisition; Contrast (vision); Generative grammar; Language acquisition; Cognition; Absolute (philosophy); Cognitive science; Mathematics education; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Linguistics; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006331909,0.0004658654,0.0004807869,0.0004709449,0.000333396,0.002622076,0.0005981742,0.0006668043,0.01077527],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003696441,0.000274607,0.000249653,0.0002194902,0.0007143091,0.003051881,0.0009788843,0.001025159,0.004825316],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002239077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003994874,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007911657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001505025,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996649,0.0000531822,0.00002523054,0.000105207,0.00009519573,0.00005624342],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988139,0.0003720272,0.0001750657,0.0001860099,0.0001738177,0.0002792549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000905846,0.002144894,0.2563195,0.001195784,0.00009145265,0.004216234,0.04937484,0.0006759725,0.1784961,0.008504229,0.006467933,0.4916072],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001485354,0.007543633,0.6875396,0.001244663,0.0002483447,0.01110242,0.06367713,0.002803091,0.1262103,0.03019601,0.06901098,0.0002752711],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861978,0.0004661074,0.001047322,0.0002626434,0.0000318091,0.00001775139,0.00009810673,0.00008576416,0.01179272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9813724,0.0008693244,0.00225014,0.0002314409,0.00001621088,0.00002531149,0.0003104307,0.00005802705,0.0148667],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01077527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03604686,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00913060920172593,"score_gpt":0.2716700161304014,"score_spread":0.2625394069286755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}