{"id":"W2968093915","doi":"10.3390/en12163172","title":"Pipeline Leak Detection and Location Based on Model-Free Isolation of Abnormal Acoustic Signals","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Water Systems and Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","keywords":"Leak; SIGNAL (programming language); Pipeline (software); False alarm; Acoustics; Isolation (microbiology); Computer science; Detection theory; Pipeline transport; Constant false alarm rate; ALARM; Real-time computing; Engineering; Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Telecommunications; Electrical engineering; Detector","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002796804,0.001011368,0.0009438921,0.0007207047,0.0003538049,0.000729184,0.0006495023,0.0006767598,0.001130085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001440009,0.0003925741,0.000752972,0.0003590446,0.0004228901,0.001310234,0.0008335102,0.0006248558,0.0004683564],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002969752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008567301,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002636402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002101522,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996887,0.00004666738,0.00001605154,0.00008337255,0.000122981,0.00004211952],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996448,0.0001112161,0.0000800839,0.0000502372,0.00009247317,0.00002118775],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005885398,0.0002272901,0.005059966,0.0003761198,0.0001143789,0.0003445648,0.0002896785,0.3992615,0.129993,0.005486513,0.001859179,0.4563992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001052411,0.000066012,0.0007720113,0.000005441769,0.0000181852,0.0001017959,0.00001894734,0.9850273,0.01229109,0.001031994,0.0006409305,0.00001568332],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02185483,0.00007698677,0.9766992,0.0000383104,0.00001298019,0.00001514766,0.00001799942,0.0006292817,0.0006552025],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7953894,0.0001911775,0.2014282,0.00006114679,0.00003009152,0.00007947932,0.0001846709,0.0001298237,0.002506075],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002636402,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00524205,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005400928142259878,"score_gpt":0.1722208062968236,"score_spread":0.1668198781545637,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}