{"id":"W2968394471","doi":"10.1002/cjce.23620","title":"Lignin for polymer and nanoparticle production: Current status and challenges","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":135,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Northern Ontario Heritage Fund Corporation","keywords":"Lignin; Polymer; Pulp (tooth); Paper production; Flocculation; Organosolv; Production (economics); Pulp and paper industry; Nanoparticle; Materials science; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Organic chemistry; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001971702,0.0007459877,0.0007296869,0.001074433,0.0004740368,0.002109142,0.0009675205,0.001678346,0.004634403],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001009575,0.000431128,0.0004238516,0.001431875,0.0006873378,0.002241739,0.0008737152,0.001225077,0.002778047],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001105121,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00177314,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00249928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003782053,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995193,0.00006858879,0.00003783175,0.00009391422,0.0002190767,0.00006112724],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990149,0.0003833887,0.0001477847,0.0000372847,0.0003376549,0.00007909544],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001208852,0.0002385315,0.0005108003,0.02081171,0.00005691854,0.0002619934,0.0001852247,0.002291359,0.05507393,0.01761281,0.02036414,0.8824717],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001401783,0.0004315687,0.0006719118,0.002359028,0.00008579859,0.0005276654,0.0003241062,0.001429479,0.03920848,0.007226331,0.9476566,0.0000649249],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.003012296,0.9875608,0.002406803,0.001353615,0.0002864035,0.00001597008,0.00007334729,0.00005269577,0.005238039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01738402,0.9754802,0.003328622,0.0004820067,0.0003375742,0.00003248995,0.0001419337,0.00002194257,0.00279122],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004634403,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01550364,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01116690969203256,"score_gpt":0.1824959248953827,"score_spread":0.1713290152033502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}