{"id":"W2969169214","doi":"","title":"Child labour in an industrial town : a study of child workers in Birmingham, 1750 to 1880","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)","topic":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Child labour; Industrialisation; Apprenticeship; Earnings; Work (physics); Economic growth; Political science; Labour economics; Business; Engineering; Economics; History; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001417945,0.0003950062,0.0006995655,0.00175932,0.01213149,0.003229005,0.001293175,0.001129134,0.005544417],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001755326,0.001194752,0.0003006026,0.002654828,0.005749094,0.00194719,0.003607276,0.003773432,0.0008474967],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009221622,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004285178,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3233543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5913147,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991112,0.0002653633,0.00003357597,0.00009683207,0.0001183644,0.0003746332],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988686,0.0003647253,0.0001546327,0.00003466718,0.0001628851,0.0004144165],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001403688,0.00002341463,0.01138241,0.00006091808,0.000002405229,0.0007446741,0.9845921,0.000006415247,0.0001838106,0.000301597,0.0006253271,0.002062932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001985354,0.00004464626,0.03882225,0.0001141732,0.000003881197,0.0002233382,0.9505799,0.000004133357,0.00003252344,0.00003528443,0.01013039,0.000007422835],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912388,0.001969879,0.00005736389,0.001128079,0.00006105848,0.00002989334,0.0001523675,0.000004950283,0.005357627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845825,0.004109614,0.0001746613,0.001057328,0.00003506327,0.00007924374,0.00009960125,0.00001543039,0.009846434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3233543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6429443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05957339169265898,"score_gpt":0.319015132247849,"score_spread":0.25944174055519,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}