{"id":"W2970272596","doi":"10.1029/2019ja026797","title":"Nighttime Magnetic Perturbation Events Observed in Arctic Canada: 2. Multiple‐Instrument Observations","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Natural Resources Canada; Athabasca University","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing, National Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; West Virginia Space Grant Consortium","keywords":"Substorm; Geomagnetic storm; Earth's magnetic field; Perturbation (astronomy); Geophysics; Storm; Amplitude; Magnetosphere; Ionosphere; Atmospheric sciences; Local time; Geology; Physics; Climatology; Magnetic field; Meteorology; Astronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004150265,0.0002176581,0.0004226473,0.00005615499,0.0001085622,0.00006063837,0.0004251734,0.00004954289,0.0002722733],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009012982,0.0001943551,0.0001847486,0.0006997919,0.00005363726,0.0004632581,0.0001298572,0.0009709136,0.00006443317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004809679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001431106,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1453191,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01938356,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971929,0.0002293052,0.0005078247,0.0002534384,0.001200202,0.0006163368],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977524,0.0006229643,0.0002622837,0.0003362018,0.000801869,0.0002243228],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003677687,0.002307936,0.8632632,0.0001634125,0.000222496,0.00003530092,0.0007027485,0.006610271,0.01057633,0.0850671,0.003004113,0.02767925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00394584,0.001193207,0.8329078,0.0003716839,0.00004799008,0.000002869814,0.00145397,0.05569696,0.0009621228,0.09808823,0.004742987,0.0005863397],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961206,0.00004666913,0.0004330687,0.001375669,0.0003145883,0.0004097832,0.00001737003,0.000004937151,0.001277369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937372,0.00001077661,0.000733551,0.00004310806,0.0005774417,0.00001458436,0.00002630592,0.00002997524,0.004827034],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1259356,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03351486072536495,"score_gpt":0.2671376385075459,"score_spread":0.233622777782181,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}