{"id":"W2970328850","doi":"10.15185/izawol.159","title":"Can immigrants ever earn as much as native workers?","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IZA World of Labor","topic":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"Vanderbilt University","keywords":"Immigration; Demographic economics; Labour economics; Political science; Economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006595465,0.00009961105,0.0001845281,0.0001119098,0.000179019,0.00004122379,0.0002529192,0.00006327788,0.001035042],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004364423,0.00009661842,0.00005417171,0.0006542771,0.0002061507,0.0002318582,0.00003105577,0.0001073896,0.0002864438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001064695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006292086,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08379353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4476251,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988232,0.0001571497,0.0002146262,0.000195085,0.0003350587,0.0002748317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999037,0.0001160536,0.0001354976,0.0001606826,0.0003374151,0.0002133142],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001184235,0.0001990071,0.438049,0.00001715331,0.0001229182,0.00001267161,0.3766812,0.00003555925,0.00004975784,0.07583514,0.1057226,0.003156529],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001167042,0.0001275749,0.09333143,0.00009305213,0.00004700587,9.139036e-7,0.1010409,0.00002142539,0.001978911,0.03663925,0.7650381,0.0005143813],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8638929,0.0003192247,0.000003597088,0.00527041,0.0004026499,0.0001921495,0.00001759583,0.00004190078,0.1298596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9276308,0.00004215747,0.0001108991,0.0006290765,0.000278091,0.00001123062,0.000004805066,0.000009750164,0.07128314],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6593155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998782,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03205723650492429,"score_gpt":0.321785205675035,"score_spread":0.2897279691701107,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}