{"id":"W2970484044","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106857","title":"Processes that cause natural unforested areas in Canadian Rockies below temperature treeline","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geomorphology","topic":"Tree-ring climate responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Calgary","keywords":"Regolith; Geology; Ridge; Bedrock; Snow; Geomorphology; Frost (temperature); Lithology; Frost heaving; Frost weathering; Soil water; Geochemistry; Astrobiology; Soil science; Paleontology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001726753,0.0001141886,0.0001298772,0.0005424762,0.001485298,0.0007056466,0.0005686927,0.0002866824,0.00310452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009515578,0.0001223306,0.0002029748,0.0007161877,0.0007665042,0.000295368,0.0004487406,0.0003903236,0.0001319677],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01212329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01134297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9834793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9964572,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997969,0.000009048623,0.000005870127,0.00002952875,0.00003990483,0.0001186975],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993989,0.00003777269,0.0001286873,0.00002089676,0.0002667163,0.0001469563],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001177122,0.00003825839,0.9803991,0.00002906723,0.00004762778,0.0001360537,0.001417931,0.002045073,0.006906809,0.0010776,0.002251297,0.005533462],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000151126,0.000003164869,0.9977919,0.000002431988,0.000004940885,0.00001382729,0.0009276463,0.0004361011,0.0001578198,0.0000382,0.00061917,0.000003304794],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9973063,0.00005760659,0.00005763796,0.0001717212,0.000003286742,0.000005907319,0.0004071483,0.00001166638,0.001978694],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991589,0.00003658818,0.0000382264,0.0000228591,0.000001356729,0.000001609524,0.0001354369,0.000002727283,0.0006022773],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01652074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08796102,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01187480305661985,"score_gpt":0.2189757502173387,"score_spread":0.2071009471607189,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}