{"id":"W2970802276","doi":"10.1109/access.2019.2938402","title":"An Automated and Accurate Spine Curve Analysis System","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Access","topic":"Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Concordia University; McMaster University; Lawson Health Research Institute","keywords":"Robustness (evolution); Cobb angle; Computer science; Ambiguity; Artificial intelligence; CobB; Scoliosis; Nonlinear system; Pattern recognition (psychology); Algorithm; Computer vision","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000119163,0.0001435851,0.0004320555,0.0002314973,0.00004160525,0.0001292722,0.0001174638,0.00006562338,0.0001022198],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007714786,0.0001047742,0.00008791978,0.0006565513,0.00001690905,0.0002771903,0.00002469792,0.00005514465,0.00008130858],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006949223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002680617,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003354396,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005679196,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990515,0.00004082534,0.0002113167,0.0003283237,0.0001847176,0.0001833622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991912,0.00002808784,0.0000929531,0.0004373206,0.00008838518,0.0001620406],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003410305,0.0002444449,0.9963623,0.0001378514,0.001036555,0.00006450609,0.00005984515,0.0002442744,0.0007951836,0.00008088752,0.0003474755,0.0005926004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001277518,0.0002245781,0.9549556,0.0001165213,0.001384803,0.00001703541,0.0000661345,0.03651074,0.005230749,0.000002154869,0.00009507432,0.0001190938],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975231,0.0003283426,0.000051877,0.0001640628,0.0001932155,0.0004290821,0.00001103564,0.0003355769,0.0009637544],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993941,0.00005863749,0.0000777046,0.000226536,0.00007063347,0.00004868986,0.00003844818,0.00001581679,0.0000694543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04140668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.427257,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03110137887509927,"score_gpt":0.3831873098921028,"score_spread":0.3520859310170035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}