{"id":"W2971086935","doi":"10.1093/isp/ekz015","title":"When Bribery is Considered an Economic Necessity: Facilitation Payments, Norm Translation, and the Role of Cognitive Beliefs","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Studies Perspectives","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Norm (philosophy); Normative; Legislation; Payment; Legislature; Enforcement; Elite; Facilitation; Political science; Convention; Business; Economics; Public relations; Public economics; Law and economics; Law; Politics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003838979,0.00007263472,0.0001489356,0.00005361433,0.0001979987,0.00004722841,0.00009826646,0.00002565281,0.0007880281],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001084932,0.00006087768,0.00004277266,0.00002311223,0.0004599293,0.0003342087,0.00003770339,0.00004328415,0.00005179137],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002060753,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007432813,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001581863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002813305,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993049,0.00007757781,0.0001932821,0.0001989101,0.0001365685,0.00008878409],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991882,0.0004206331,0.0001151591,0.00004859309,0.0002003826,0.00002707245],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001539491,0.00004547793,0.03221047,0.000003161989,0.0004627788,1.230269e-7,0.8611159,0.000007819458,0.00001880191,0.05008727,0.0001040456,0.05579015],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001658308,0.00003226206,0.04940297,0.00003372529,0.00002085351,7.427512e-7,0.9107587,0.000260376,0.00004933369,0.01960199,0.01804796,0.0001327454],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9183069,0.004044773,0.00002658174,0.009449269,0.0003857226,0.0003801685,0.00006836063,0.00001981084,0.06731836],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960452,0.002118241,0.00008628154,0.0001803538,0.00007193797,0.00002114256,0.000007601339,0.000003417221,0.00146587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0777382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8628355,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03336114338233306,"score_gpt":0.3264688569253364,"score_spread":0.2931077135430034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}