{"id":"W2971836485","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.9.031040","title":"GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review X","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3593,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Polytechnique Montréal; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Division of Human Resource Development; Conselleria d'Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport; Australian Research Council; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Ministry of Education, India; Conseil Régional, Île-de-France; Narodowe Centrum Nauki; National Research Foundation of Korea; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund; Generalitat Valenciana; Industry Canada; Kavli Foundation; National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Research, Development and Innovation Office; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Govern de les Illes Balears; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; National Research Foundation; Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal; Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; European Commission; ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Institut des Origines de Lyon; Russian Science Foundation; Leverhulme Trust; Scottish Funding Council; European Regional Development Fund; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation; Science and Engineering Research Board; National Science Foundation; Royal Society; Research Corporation for Science Advancement","keywords":"LIGO; Gravitational wave; Transient (computer programming); Physics; Binary number; Astrophysics; Astronomy; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004086718,0.0005249427,0.0005219173,0.003632316,0.0007193208,0.0009237328,0.000621532,0.0005054548,0.002221762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001139317,0.0003203658,0.0004511506,0.002944911,0.0002779488,0.0006849128,0.00158115,0.0006937172,0.001439853],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006847982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007529136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02031429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05093483,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996206,0.00001921198,0.00002720513,0.0001099587,0.0001381144,0.00008501648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985178,0.0001349884,0.0004637884,0.0002509198,0.0002111126,0.0004213324],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001256157,0.0004215091,0.8482591,0.000230937,0.0003321223,0.001112225,0.001427554,0.003868069,0.02118625,0.001548037,0.07935746,0.04100065],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006787732,0.0001009188,0.9782907,0.00002698377,0.00007523789,0.0004998318,0.000241145,0.002803836,0.003005757,0.0001895816,0.01466263,0.00003544468],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9340308,0.0002918101,0.0008043362,0.0001447142,0.0000345897,0.0001200718,0.05827467,0.001142993,0.005156065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7830106,0.0002961585,0.003826089,0.0001902179,0.0001028011,0.0001559482,0.2081213,0.0004676325,0.003829238],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02031429,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04039204,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02174514180620383,"score_gpt":0.3129162776514217,"score_spread":0.2911711358452178,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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