{"id":"W2971943385","doi":"10.1007/s00464-019-07038-9","title":"Impact of robotic assistance on mental workload and cognitive performance of surgical trainees performing a complex minimally invasive suturing task","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Surgical Endoscopy","topic":"Surgical Simulation and Training","field":"Medicine","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"London Health Sciences Centre; Western University","funders":"Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry","keywords":"Workload; Task (project management); Invasive surgery; Cognition; Computer science; Physical medicine and rehabilitation; Psychology; Medicine; Engineering; Surgery; Neuroscience; Systems engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002413872,0.0002575722,0.0007860473,0.0001450255,0.00005960364,0.0000123881,0.00007188588,0.0001111126,0.001098482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008038579,0.0001930331,0.000271076,0.0002758856,0.0002401221,0.0001148265,0.00004497699,0.0002842646,0.00001722748],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006428181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001095833,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001613823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001761778,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998232,0.00007234995,0.0005209727,0.0003541654,0.0004606738,0.0003598393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979946,0.001303019,0.0002012635,0.0001499547,0.0001171962,0.0002339365],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.02343034,0.0007764389,0.9562164,0.0006607816,0.0005229734,0.0002681176,0.001460852,0.0009759785,0.004904991,0.0002264683,0.00000857984,0.0105481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0763658,0.006669086,0.8869832,0.004778808,0.0002080929,0.0002899713,0.000957001,0.01334742,0.009480885,0.00001086857,0.0003814707,0.0005274269],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9877735,0.0003246835,0.000001464359,0.00004505717,0.00008094561,0.00042789,0.00002506263,0.00002892663,0.01129251],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999329,0.0002491252,0.0001253403,0.00002686011,0.00007507677,0.000007456479,0.00004280715,0.00002279059,0.0001215245],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06923321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998146,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0261463745214711,"score_gpt":0.3133976278866919,"score_spread":0.2872512533652208,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}