{"id":"W2972013242","doi":"10.3390/socsci8090255","title":"Pragmatism as a Research Paradigm and Its Implications for Social Work Research","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Sciences","topic":"Social Work Education and Practice","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":840,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Pragmatism; Sociology; Epistemology; Social justice; Variety (cybernetics); Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01581631,0.00009054292,0.0001638947,0.0002168923,0.02154043,0.0007181459,0.0006453694,0.0002176016,0.0009126254],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004015498,0.00009226229,0.00006668931,0.005703188,0.002043898,0.0005946144,0.0001081748,0.0004399702,0.0006850639],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002097618,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00165299,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009593249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006199212,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954755,0.0017375,0.000201314,0.0004688034,0.001170245,0.0009466748],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994065,0.004977104,0.0001027871,0.00009109734,0.0006117827,0.0001522479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001433529,0.00004307688,0.002561168,0.000006899465,0.000006600544,6.976791e-8,0.05709348,8.534993e-8,0.00003383807,0.8966459,0.03476304,0.008831506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001237805,0.00005901848,0.02718472,0.000007653907,0.000004994819,2.615438e-7,0.05577397,0.0000015865,0.000005702706,0.2512452,0.6654678,0.0001253329],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2032023,0.0003751629,0.00000732911,0.4510333,0.0005458756,0.001418487,0.000009352294,0.00006235755,0.3433458],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9799524,0.00009017409,0.0001315019,0.0004008845,0.001194339,0.0002982735,0.000002631832,0.00001081687,0.01791901],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7767501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9992608,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4104308107942669,"score_gpt":0.603806931261733,"score_spread":0.1933761204674661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}